In their practical philosophy, Muslim philosophers aim to foster the actualization of individuals’ perfectional capacities - both intellectual and innate – in order to establish order and security in society. Through wise governance, this objective can be met. A central question arises: Given man’s inherent tendencies toward greed, selfishness, and acquisitiveness, how can individuals attain their possible perfections? This paper argues that, within the framework of Islamic practical philosophy, the flourishing of human perfectional capacities depends on resolving the problem of civil justice and instituting a model of civil moderation in society. Consequently, the core concern of their practical philosophy must necessarily be civil justice and civil moderation.  The research employs a library-based methodology for data collection and a demonstrative-philosophical approach for analysis. The findings reveal that through civil justice - that is, by placing individuals, professions, and groups in their proper civil positions - the groundwork is laid for the fulfillment of societal rights (i.e., “giving each their due”), leading to a state of civil equilibrium. In such a society, each individual is provided with the opportunity to actualize their perfectional (intellectual and innate) capacities in proportion to their merit and potential. Thus, the central issue of Muslim philosophers in practical philosophy is civil justice and civil moderation.