نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
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عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
The correct formulation of Shī‘a doctrine on free will and determinism has long been debated among Shī‘a scholars. Some argue that it necessitates rejecting causal necessity and establishing a perquisite for action, which has been interpreted as soul’s desire or its domination over the act. Amongst the Usūlī scholars that accept this view are mainly those who are influenced by Mirzā Nā’īnī’s school. Others, while upholding causal necessity and invalidating distinction without a difference, expand the concept of free will to encompass degrees from "agent-by-intention" (fā‘il bil-qaṣd) to "agent-by-self-manifestation" (fā‘il bil-tajallī). They assert that the criterion for free will is not prior will (irāda) that would lead to determinism. Rather, it is constituted of an act’s origination from an origin of knowledge, even if will is not present. In this sense, will itself is a voluntary act, though not preceded by another will. This study concludes that the most appropriate interpretation, elucidating the concept of free will and can be relied upon, is the explanation of ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī, which is very close to Nā’īnī’s view.
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