PhD Graduate in Islamic Theology, College of Theology, University of Qom.
Abstract
God’s agency in the universe, particularly in nature, has always been one of the most contentious philosophical issues, with diverse perspectives offered by philosophers and theologians. Even Immanuel Kant, following his Copernican revolution in epistemology, continued to engage in theoretical discourse on this matter. The importance of this topic lies in the fact that an erroneous stance here can lead to the adoption of flawed theories in related areas, such as the relationship between the spiritual factors and natural phenomena, including evils or miracles. Kant, while accepting Newtonian mechanical order on the one hand and rejecting the theory of manifestation and any sort of connection between the immutable and the changeable on the other, denies any kind of divine influence on particular events within the natural world. This paper, employing a descriptive – analytical approach and citing the English translations of Kant’s works, presents his physical and philosophical foundations on this issue and critiques them based on the principles of Islamic philosophy.
