Level Four Student at the Islamic Philosophy Specialized Center.
Abstract
One of the issues raised regarding the knowledge by presence (al-ʻilm al-ḥuḍūrī), but has received less attention from scholars, is the "analysis of the reasons behind the occurrence of negligence in some instances of knowledge by presence." How can negligence be compatible with the presence of the actual reality to the knower? Does observing the knowledge by presence in oneself require specific conditions? Is negligence a lack of perception or a weak perception? In this article, we first explain the multifaceted nature of humans through an ontological analysis, highlighting how this multifaceted nature itself serves as a basis for the occurrence of negligence. Subsequently, by pointing out the gradational nature of knowledge by presence, we proceed with an epistemological analysis of the issue. Gradation is one of the most important characteristics of knowledge by presence and plays a significant role in the manner of its presence. Furthermore, by incorporating a psychological discussion on "attention," we address that the property of attention and focus in weak souls is inattention or negligence towards the opposite point. Ultimately, after explaining the three aforementioned aspects, we conclude that negligence is not the absence of perception but rather a weak perception, even if the cognizing agent does not distinctly recognize it.
